Learning together

写在最前：看了张宴的“搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器”系列文章全是基于redhat上的，所以，今天本人来教大家在Debian5.X上也来实现LNMP。本文基于张宴“Nginx0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）”。后面也会不断更新。因为这是Debian上的第一版，所以我就把自己的实现全过程记录下来，这里面包涵了一些排错和我们常遇到的问题，希望对大家后面的学习有用，因为大家的系统环境可能不一样，本次教程的实现过程是在一VPS（USA）上实现的。

本次教程所用的系统环境：
cat /proc/version 
Linux version 2.6.18-128.2.1.el5.028stab064.4 (root@rhel5-64-build) (gcc version 4.1.2 20070626 (Red Hat 4.1.2-14)) #1 SMP Mon Jul 27 12:45:01 MSD 2009
cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 \n \l
uname -a
Linux QQ46659160.com 2.6.18-128.2.1.el5.028stab064.4 #1 SMP Mon Jul 27 12:45:01 MSD 2009 i686 GNU/Linux
Mem:    524800k

在进行安装前，最先检查一个，你的系统中是不是安装了mysql apache和一些其它的我们不需要的软件，如果有的话，就删除掉吧！

用netstat -ntlp查检一下启动的哪些服务
我的系统中安装了sendmail，我不需要，所以我就把它删除
/etc/init.d/sendmail stop
/etc/init.d/apache2 stop
dpkg -l |grep sendmail
apt-get remove sendmail sendmail-base sendmail-bin sendmail-cf sendmail-doc
dpkg -l |grep sendmail
dpkg –force-all -P sendmail-base sendmail-bin sendmail-cf sendmail-doc
dpkg -l |grep mysql
apt-get remove libmysqlclient15off mysql-common
dpkg -l |grep mysql
dpkg –force-all -P libmysqlclient15off mysql-common
dpkg -l |grep apache
apt-get remove apache2 apache2-doc apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common
dpkg -l |grep apache
dpkg –force-all -P apache2-doc apache2.2-common
这时候我的系统中就只有22端口是开放了，大家可以根据自己的需要来处理系统中的软件。
好了，闲话就不多说了，下面就开始进行安装。

一、安装源码编译的环境
apt-get install build-essential

二、下载所需要的软件
mkdir /root/soft
cd /root/soft
vim down.sh
内容如下：
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
设置可执行权限
chmod +x down.sh
开始下载
./down.sh

三、安装PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
cd ..
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
注：这里的顺序有点不一样

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.2-m2
mysql安装前需要安装 libncurses5-dev
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
否则就会出现下面的错误
checking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
处理完上面的内容，下面就可以开始编译mysql了
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.2-m2/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=complex –enable-thread-safe-client –with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server –enable-local-infile –with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data –user=mysql
如果出现下面的情况，就是你的系统中的MY,CNF文件可能是有多个（一个是你系统已经帮你安装好的，一个是自己编译安装的，但MYSQL调用的是你系统里面的配置文件了），这时，你就要查看你的系统中是不是已经安装了mysql-comman了？
Installing MySQL system tables…
100318 19:10:22 [ERROR] /usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown option ‘–skip-bdb’
100318 19:10:22 [ERROR] Aborting
100318 19:10:22 [Note] /usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete
所以我们先来查询一下看看
dpkg -l |grep mysql
会看到类似下面的两个软件，
mysql-common libmysqlclient15off
我们用下面的命令强制删除（把配置文件也一同删除）
dpkg –force-all -P mysql-common
dpkg –force-all -P libmysqlclient15off

③、创建my.cnf配置文件
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
内容如下
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host     =   192.168.1.2
#master-user     =   username
#master-password =   password
#master-port     =  3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建） #!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL…\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL…\n"
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL…\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘bin/mysqld_safe’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’)
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘libexec/mysqld’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’)
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql ⑥、启动MySQL
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start ⑦、设置MySql root用户的密码(记住，后面用到)
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ’123456789′ ⑧、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时，输入刚才设置的密码）
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
这时候到mysql命令行中
⑨、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ’12345678′;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@’127.0.0.1′ IDENTIFIED BY ’12345678′;
exit
⑩、（可选）停止MySQL
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
我们先来看一下下面这两个命令的作用
apt-cache search "freetype"
这个命令是在源中查找和freetype有关的所有软件，然后再根据软件包的描述，找你自己需要的软件，然后就可以用下面的命令进行安装
apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
当然是要根据错误提示来查找相关的软件。
我们在编译过程中，缺什么，就补什么，这个也算是一种解决问题的思路。希望能给大家带来点帮助！
下面也是同样的道理，我就简写了。tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

如果出现下面的错误提示
checking for xml2-config… no
checking for xml-config… no
configure: error: XML configuration could not be found
安装
apt-get install libxml2-dev
出现
configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s <evp.h>
安装
apt-get install libssl-dev
出现
configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution –
    easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
安装
apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
出现
configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found.
安装
apt-get install libjpeg62-dev
出现
configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found.
安装
apt-get install libpng12-dev
出现
configure: error: freetype.h not found.
安装
apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
出现
configure: error: sasl.h not found!
安装
apt-get install libsasl2-dev

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
在这一步中，我们需要安装autoconf这个软件包
apt-get install autoconf
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make && make install
cd ../
安装 ImageMagick的时候make会出现
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl
这时候就要安装
apt-get install libperl-dev
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../

5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改： 
查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的
extension_dir = "./"
修改为
extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找
output_buffering = Off
修改为
output_buffering = On
自动修改：
sed -i ‘s#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i ‘s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供debian.freeopens.com虚拟主机使用的目录
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
内容如下 <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php’s install prefix
  <section name="global_options">
    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS …
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
    … in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator’s shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
    Time limit on waiting child’s reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
    Set to ‘no’ to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
  </section>
  <workers>
    <section name="pool">
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is ‘ip.ad.re.ss:port’ or just ‘port’ or ‘/path/to/unix/socket’
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
      <value name="listen_options">
        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>
      Unix user of processes
      <value name="user">www</value>
      Unix group of processes
      <value name="group">www</value>
      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are ‘static’ and ‘apache-like’
        <value name="style">static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>
        Settings group for ‘apache-like’ pm style
        <value name="apache_like">
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when ‘max_execution_time’ ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      ’0s’ means ‘off’
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      ’0s’ means ‘off’
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>
      Redirect workers’ stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>
    </section>
  </workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
如果出现下面的错误(这个错误是我在安装过程中发现的，是内在不足导致的，在文章的结尾优化后，就不会有这样的问题了，在这里做个记录，方便大家学习)
Starting php_fpm eAccelerator: Could not allocate 67108864 bytes, the maximum size the kernel allows is 33554432 bytes. Lower the amount of memory request or increase the limit in /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax.
PHP Warning:  [eAccelerator] Can not create shared memory area in Unknown on line 0
PHP Fatal error:  Unable to start eAccelerator module in Unknown on line 0
failed
四、安装Nginx 0.8.34
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.34/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容
user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  #charset  gb2312;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  blog.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;    
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }    
    log_format  access  ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
              ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
              ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’;
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    log_format  wwwlogs  ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
               ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
               ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’;
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }
  server
  {
    listen  80;
    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;
    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
如果出现下面的错误
usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
安装
apt-get install libpcre3-dev
五、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP + Mysql
vi /etc/rc.local
把下面的内容增加到exit 0的上面
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
六、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535
使配置立即生效
/sbin/sysctl -p
七、相关软件的重新启动
如果说你改了nginx的配置文件，就要用下面的命令，使配置生效
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t   检查参数
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`   平滑重启
如果说你改了php.ini就要用下面的命令，使配置生效
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm reload 重新加载 mysql数据库重新启动
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql restart
八、每天定时切割Nginx日志
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志 crontab -e
增加以下内容
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
九、在小内存服务器上的配置优化
1、Nginx  的主配置文件（nginx.conf）优化
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
根据下面的内容进行相应的修改和增加
#Nginx每个进程耗费10M~12M内存，这里只开启一个Nginx进程，节省内存。
worker_processes 1;
#对网页文件、CSS、JS、XML等启动gzip压缩，减少数据传输量，提高访问速度。
gzip on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
   {
     #将Nginx与FastCGI的通信方式由TCP改为Unix Socket。TCP在高并发访问下比Unix Socket稳定，但Unix Socket速度要比TCP快。
     fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
     #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
     fastcgi_index index.php;
     include fcgi.conf;
   }
location ~ /read.php
   {
     #将Nginx与FastCGI的通信方式由TCP改为Unix Socket。TCP在高并发访问下比Unix Socket稳定，但Unix Socket速度要比TCP快。
     fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
     #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
     fastcgi_index index.php;
     include fcgi.conf;
   }
#博客的图片较多，更改较少，将它们在浏览器本地缓存15天，可以提高下次打开我博客的页面加载速度。
   location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
   {
     expires      15d;
   }
   #博客会加载很多JavaScript、CSS，将它们在浏览器本地缓存1天，访问者在看完一篇文章或一页后，再看另一篇文件或另一页的内容，无需从服务器再次下载相同的JavaScript、CSS，提高了页面显示速度。
   location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
   {
     expires      1d;
   }
2、PHP（FastCGI）的配置优化
php.ini 配置文件中关于eAcelerator的优化。只使用1M共享内存，删除所有在最后3600秒内无法存取的脚本缓存，用磁盘辅助进行缓存。
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
根据内容增加或者修改
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
php-fpm.conf 的配置优化
vim /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
一是修改以下一行，将启动的php-cgi进程数由原来的128个改为5个：
<value name="max_children">5</value>
二是修改以下一行，将TCP模式改为Unix Socket模式：
<value name="listen_address">/tmp/php-cgi.sock</value> 3、MySQL配置优化
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
根据自己的情况改吧
[client]
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="(\u:s135:)[\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/data
open_files_limit    = 600
back_log = 20
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 200
table_cache = 60
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
thread_cache_size = 10
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 0M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-UNCOMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 512K
max_heap_table_size = 32M
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data/slow.log
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data/error.log
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
server-id = 1
#log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 2M
max_binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

最后给个优化前后的对比图
优化前

优化后
  
本主参考文章：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
http://blog.s135.com/post/375/

有问题请给我留言，让我们一起交流学习！
珍惜劳动成果，转载请注明本文地址！

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